Maxim Salnikov

Webアプリをオフラインに

(いい意味で)

マキシムサルニコフ

@webmaxru

Taking your web app offline (in a good sense)

What is an offline-ready web application

And how to build it today

Maxim Salnikov

@webmaxru

PWAConf (London, April 19) igniter
PWA Oslo / PWA London meetups organizer
ngVikings / Mobile Era conferences organizer
Google Dev Expert in Web Technologies

Developer Audience Lead at Microsoft

Web as an app platform is amazing

Browsers

Almost on every device with UI
Evergreen
APIs to access device hardware

Web as an app platform is amazing

JavaScript

Browsers

Versatile language
Powerful tooling
Evolving in a smart way

Web as an app platform is amazing

JavaScript

JS Engines

Browsers

Focus on the performance
Embedding possibilities

Web as an app platform is amazing

JavaScript

JS Engines

UI Layer

Browsers

Convenient tools to build responsive UIs
Focus on accessibility
Variety of high-quality components and libraries

Web as an app platform is amazing

Community

JavaScript

JS Engines

UI Layer

Browsers

https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019

69.7%

Web as an app platform is amazing

Community

JavaScript

JS Engines

UI Layer

Browsers

Issues?

Historically depends on the "connection status"

Solutions

Caching

Installing

HTTP Cache?
AppCache

Save page as... (complete)
Chrome Apps
Electron
NativeScript, React Native

What is PWA at all?

Progressive web apps use modern web APIs along with traditional progressive enhancement strategy to create cross-platform web applications.

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Apps/Progressive

These apps work everywhere and provide several features that give them the same user experience advantages as native apps.

works everywhere*

* but not everything**

natively

** use progressive enhancement strategy

Proper offline-ready web app

App itself
Online runtime data
Offline runtime data
Connection failures
Updates
Platform features

Always available
Thoughtfully collected
Safely preserved
Do not break the flow
Both explicit and implicit
For the win!

While keeping its web nature!

Application UI

Let's build an App shell

My App

Define assets
Put in the cache
Serve from the cache
Manage versions

}

Service worker

Logically

Physically

-file(s)

App

Service worker

Browser/OS

Event-driven worker

Cache

fetch

push

sync

Own service worker

self.addEventListener('install', event => {
    // Use Cache API to cache html/js/css
})

self.addEventListener('activate', event => {
    // Clean the cache from the obsolete versions
})

self.addEventListener('fetch', event => {
    // Serve assets from cache or network
})

handmade-service-worker.js

It's only partially a joke

https://twitter.com/sanketsahu/status/1133223194888773632

Because...

Redirects?

Fallbacks?

Opaque response?

Versioning?

Cache invalidation?

Spec updates?

Cache storage space?

Variable asset names?

Feature detection?

Minimal required cache update?

Caching strategies?

Routing?

Fine-grained settings?

Kill switch?

I see the old version!!!

https://developers.google.com/web/tools/workbox/

Define assets
Put in the cache
Serve from the cache
Manage versions

}

Is there a helper?

While having our own service worker

https://developers.google.com/web/tools/workbox/

Application shell
Runtime caching
Replaying failed network requests
Offline Google Analytics
Broadcasting updates

# Installing the Workbox Node module
$ npm install workbox-build --save-dev

Configuration

// Sample configuration with the basic options
var workboxConfig = {
  globDirectory: 'dist/',
  globPatterns: [
    '**/*.{txt,png,ico,html,js,json,css}'
  ],
  swSrc: 'src/workbox-service-worker.js',
  swDest: 'dist/sw.js'
}

workbox-build.js

Source service worker

// Importing Workbox itself from Google CDN
importScripts('https://googleapis.com/.../workbox-sw.js');

// Precaching and setting up the routing
workbox.precaching.precacheAndRoute(self.__WB_MANIFEST)

src/workbox-service-worker.js

Caching, serving, managing versions

Build service worker

// We will use injectManifest mode
const {injectManifest} = require('workbox-build')

// Sample configuration with the basic options
var workboxConfig = {...}

// Calling the method and output the result
injectManifest(workboxConfig).then(({count, size}) => {
    console.log(`Generated ${workboxConfig.swDest},
    which will precache ${count} files, ${size} bytes.`)
})

workbox-build.js

Build flow integration

{
  "scripts": {
    "build-pwa": "npm run build-app &&
                  node workbox-build.js"
  }
}

package.json

Runtime application data

Intercepting requests

self.addEventListener('fetch', event => {

  if (event.request.url.indexOf('/api/breakingnews') != -1) {
    event.respondWith(
      // Network-First Strategy
    )
  } else if (event.request.url.indexOf('/api/archive') != -1 {
    event.respondWith(
      // Cache-First Strategy
    )
  }
})

handmade-service-worker.js

Routes and strategies

workbox.routing.registerRoute(
  new RegExp('/api/breakingnews'),
  new workbox.strategies.NetworkFirst()
);

src/workbox-service-worker.js

workbox.routing.registerRoute(
  new RegExp('/api/archive'),
  new workbox.strategies.CacheFirst({
    plugins: [...]
  })
);

Strategies

CacheFirst
CacheOnly
NetworkFirst
NetworkOnly
StaleWhileRevalidate

Plugins

Expiration
CacheableResponse
BroadcastUpdate
BackgroundSync
...your own plugin?

Save and sync offline actions

Background sync

One-off event for offline -> online
No active app tab required

https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2015/12/background-sync

navigator.serviceWorker.ready.then( swRegistration => {
  return swRegistration.sync.register('postTweet');
});

main.js

self.addEventListener('sync', event => {
  if (event.tag == 'postTweet') {
    event.waitUntil(
        // Do useful things...
    );
  }
});

handmade-service-worker.js

const postTweetPlugin =
    new workbox.backgroundSync.Plugin('tweetsQueue', {
        maxRetentionTime: 24 * 60 // Max retry period
    })

src/workbox-service-worker.js

workbox.routing.registerRoute(
  /(http[s]?:\/\/)?([^\/\s]+\/)post-tweet/,
  new workbox.strategies.NetworkOnly({
    plugins: [postTweetPlugin]
  }),
  'POST'
)

https://developers.google.com/web/tools/workbox/modules/workbox-background-sync

Schedule your updates

https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2019/08/periodic-background-sync

Periodic background sync

Like a "Cron" in the browser
Connection independent
Cadence set by the developer

Another API for that
Works only online
Browser decides

const registration = await navigator.serviceWorker.ready;
if ('periodicSync' in registration) {
  try {
    registration.periodicSync.register('refreshTweets', {
      // An interval of one day.
      minInterval: 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
    });
  } catch (error) {
    // PBS cannot be used.
  }
}

main.js

self.addEventListener('periodicsync', (event) => {
  if (event.tag === 'refreshTweets') { 
    event.waitUntil(
    	// [Maybe] Do the job
    );
  }
});

src/service-worker.js

Network connection type?
Data saver mode?
Available storage space?

Features flying soon

https://goo.gle/fugu-api-tracker

More than 100 new APIs

Full-fledged application platform
Offline-ready mechanisms are in production
Awesome tools are available
User experience & security is the key

And this is just the beginning!

Web platform today

aka.ms/pwa-slack

2000+ developers
Major browsers/frameworks/libs reps

Thank you!

Maxim Salnikov

@webmaxru

Maxim Salnikov

@webmaxru

Questions?

Taking your web app offline (in a good sense)

By Maxim Salnikov

Taking your web app offline (in a good sense)

アプリケーションプラットフォームとしてのWebは驚くべきものです。 UIを備えたほぼすべてのデバイスには、ブラウザーまたは何らかのWebビューが存在しています。今ではハードウェアにアクセスするためのネイティブAPIがあり、優れたツールを備えた汎用言語を使用されています。結局のところ、現在の開発者コミュニティ巨大で史上最大のサイズです！しかしWebはこれまで常にネットに接続されているのが前提となっていました。私のセッションでは、最新のWeb APIといくつかのベストプラクティスにより、オフライン優先のWebアプリを構築できるケースを紹介します。常に利用可能、データ消費に配慮、保存と同期、接続に関係なく、ネイティブアプリに匹敵する（あるいはさらに優れている）UXを提供します。さらにツールの現在の状態により、これらの機能を高速かつ信頼性の高い方法で追加できます。オフライン優先アプリを作成して、非常に実用的な方法でオフラインWebを実現しましょう！

5,302

Webアプリをオフラインに

(いい意味で)

Taking your web app offline (in a good sense)

What is an offline-ready web application

And how to build it today

Maxim Salnikov

@webmaxru

PWAConf (London, April 19) igniter

PWA Oslo / PWA London meetups organizer

ngVikings / Mobile Era conferences organizer

Google Dev Expert in Web Technologies

Web as an app platform is amazing

Almost on every device with UI

Evergreen

APIs to access device hardware

Web as an app platform is amazing

Versatile language

Powerful tooling

Evolving in a smart way

Web as an app platform is amazing

Focus on the performance

Embedding possibilities

Web as an app platform is amazing

Convenient tools to build responsive UIs

Focus on accessibility

Variety of high-quality components and libraries

Web as an app platform is amazing

69.7%

Web as an app platform is amazing

Historically depends on the "connection status"

Solutions

Caching

Installing

HTTP Cache?

AppCache

Save page as... (complete)

Chrome Apps

Electron

NativeScript, React Native

What is PWA at all?

These apps work everywhere and provide several features that give them the same user experience advantages as native apps.

works everywhere*

natively

Proper offline-ready web app

App itself

Online runtime data

Offline runtime data

Connection failures

Updates

Platform features

Always available

Thoughtfully collected

Safely preserved

Do not break the flow

Both explicit and implicit

For the win!

While keeping its web nature!

Application UI

Let's build an App shell

Define assets

Put in the cache

Serve from the cache

Manage versions

}

Service worker

Logically

Physically

-file(s)

Own service worker

handmade-service-worker.js

It's only partially a joke

Because...

Redirects?

Fallbacks?

Opaque response?

Versioning?

Cache invalidation?

Spec updates?

Cache storage space?

Variable asset names?